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operators

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Original:
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Sommaire

[modifier] Surcharge d'opérateurs

[modifier] Syntaxe

type operator op ( params ) ;

[modifier] Explication

  • <type> est / sont du type (s) des variables .
    Original:
    <type> is/are the type(s) of the variables.
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  • <op> est l'opérateur particulier (par exemple +, +=, <<, >>, &&, ||, %, etc) .
    Original:
    <op> is the particular operator (e.g. +, +=, <<, >>, &&, ||, %, etc.).
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  • <params> est / sont le nom (s) des paramètres requis (dépend de l'opérateur) .
    Original:
    <params> is/are the name(s) of the required parameters (depends on the operator).
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[modifier] Restrictions

  • Vous ne pouvez pas créer de nouveaux opérateurs tels que ** ou &| .
    Original:
    You cannot create new operators such as ** or &|.
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  • Pas tous les opérateurs peuvent être surchargés
    Original:
    Not all operators can be overloaded
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  • Certains opérateurs ne peut être surchargé en tant que membres de classe non statique
    Original:
    Some operators can only be overloaded as non-static class members
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  • Court-circuit d'évaluation ne fonctionne pas avec des opérateurs surchargés
    Original:
    Short-circuit evaluation doesn't work with overloaded operators
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[modifier] Les appels de l'opérateur

Opérateurs surchargés peuvent être appelées en utilisant la notation infixe d'habitude
Original:
Overloaded operators can be called using the usual infix notation
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a+b
ou une fonction semblable à la notation
Original:
or a function-like notation
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operator+(a,b)

[modifier] Exemple

#include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 
 class Fraction{
   private:
     int numerator, denominator;
 
   public:
     Fraction(int n, int d): numerator(n), denominator(d) {}
   // Note that the keyword operator combined with an actual
   // operator is used as the function name
   friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, Fraction&);
 };
 
 ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Fraction& f){
   out << f.numerator << '/' << f.denominator;
   return out;
 }
 
 int main(){
   Fraction f1(3, 8);
   Fraction f2(1, 2);
 
   cout << f1 << endl;
   cout << 3 << ' ' << f2 << endl;
 
   return 0;
 }

Résultat : 

3/8
3 1/2

[modifier] Voir aussi

Common operators
affectation incrémentation décrémentation arithmétique logique comparaison accès aux membre autre

a = b
a = rvalue
a += b
a -= b
a *= b
a /= b
a %= b
a &= b
a |= b
a ^= b
a <<= b
a >>= b

++a
--a
a++
a--

+a
-a
a + b
a - b
a * b
a / b
a % b
~a
a & b
a | b
a ^ b
a << b
a >> b

!a
a && b
a || b

a == b
a != b
a < b
a > b
a <= b
a >= b

a[b]
*a
&a
a->b
a.b
a->*b
a.*b

a(...)
a, b
(type) a
? :

Opérateurs spéciaux
static_cast convertit un type à un autre
type compatible
Original:
static_cast converts one type to another compatible type
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dynamic_cast convertit classe de base virtuelle à class
dérivée
Original:
dynamic_cast converts virtual base class to derived class
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const_cast convertit un type à l'autre compatible avec cv qualifiers
Original:
const_cast converts type to compatible type with different cv qualifiers
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reinterpret_cast convertit type type
incompatibles
Original:
reinterpret_cast converts type to incompatible type
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new alloue memory
Original:
new allocates memory
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delete libère memory
Original:
delete deallocates memory
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sizeof interroge la taille d'un type
Original:
sizeof queries the size of a type
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sizeof... interroge la taille d'un Paquet de paramètre (depuis C++11)
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sizeof... queries the size of a Paquet de paramètre (depuis C++11)
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typeid interroge les informations de type d'une type
Original:
typeid queries the type information of a type
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noexcept vérifie si une expression peut jeter une exception (depuis C++11)
Original:
noexcept checks if an expression can throw an exception (depuis C++11)
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alignof requêtes exigences d'alignement d'un (depuis C++11) type
Original:
alignof queries alignment requirements of a type (depuis C++11)
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