C++ language

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Il s'agit d'une brève présentation des constructions proposées par le C++.

[modifier] Les sujets généraux

[modifier] Préprocesseur

[modifier] Commentaires

[modifier] Mots-clés

[modifier] Table ASCII

[modifier] Séquences d'échappement

[modifier] Histoire de C++

[modifier] Contrôle de flux

[modifier] Instructions d'exécution conditionnelle

Les instructions conditionnelles exécutent des chemins de code différents en fonction de la valeur d'une expression donnée.

if exécute du code conditionnellement
switch exécute le code en fonction de la valeur d'un argument entier

[modifier] Instructions d'itération

Les instructions d'itération exécutent un chemin de code plusieurs fois.

for exécute des boucles en spécifiant l'initialisation, la comparaison et l'incrément
range-for exécute une boucle sur une plage (depuis C++11)
while exécute une boucle, en vérifiant une condition avant chaque itération
do-while exécute en boucle, en vérifiant une condition après chaque itération

[modifier] Instructions de saut

Les instructions de saut continuent l'exécution du programme à un autre endroit.

continue saute la partie restante du corps de la boucle englobante
break termine la boucle qui l'entoure
goto continue l'exécution à un autre endroit
return termine l'exécution de la fonction englobante

[modifier] Fonctions

Un même code peut être réutilisé à différents endroits dans le programme.

Les déclarations de fonctions déclarent des fonctions
Les déclarations de fonctions lambda déclarent des fonctions lambda (depuis C++11)
Les modèles de fonction déclarent des modèles de fonction
Le spécificateur inline propose au compilateur d'insérer le corps d'une fonction directement dans le code appelant
Les spécifications d'exception déclarent qu'une fonction ne lance que les exceptions spécifiées (obsolète)
Le spécificateur noexcept déclare si une fonction lance ou non des exceptions (depuis C++11)

[modifier] Exceptions

Les exceptions sont un moyen plus robuste pour signaler condition d'erreur que les codes de retour des fonctions ou des variables globales d'erreur .

Erreurs de signal et de contrôle <div class="t-tr-text"> jeter expressions
Original:
throw expressions
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transfert à des gestionnaires d'erreurs
Original:
jeter expressions
Original:
throw expressions
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</div> signal errors and transfer control to error handlers
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<div class="t-tr-text"> blocs try-catch
Original:
try-catch blocks
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intercepter les exceptions provenant des blocs de code spécifiques
Original:
blocs try-catch
Original:
try-catch blocks
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</div> catch exceptions originating from specific blocks of code
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<div class="t-tr-text"> noexcept spécificateur
Original:
noexcept specifier
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et
noexcept opérateur
Original:
noexcept operator
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définir et de tester si les expressions lever des exceptions (depuis C++11)
Original:
noexcept spécificateur
Original:
noexcept specifier
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and
noexcept opérateur
Original:
noexcept operator
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</div> define and test if expressions throw exceptions (depuis C++11)
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[modifier] Espaces de noms

Espaces de noms fournissent un moyen d'éviter les conflits de noms dans les grands projets .

<div class="t-tr-text"> déclarations d'espace
Original:
namespace declarations
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déclarer les espaces de noms
Original:
déclarations d'espace
Original:
namespace declarations
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</div> declare namespaces
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<div class="t-tr-text"> alias d'espace de noms
Original:
namespace aliases
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déclarer des noms alternatifs pour les espaces de noms existants
Original:
alias d'espace de noms
Original:
namespace aliases
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</div> declare alternate names for existing namespaces
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[modifier] Types

<div class="t-tr-text"> types fondamentaux
Original:
fundamental types
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définir le caractère de base, les types entier et à virgule flottante
Original:
types fondamentaux
Original:
fundamental types
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</div> define basic character, integer and floating point types
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<div class="t-tr-text"> types de pointeurs
Original:
pointer types
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définir les types de titulaires d'un emplacement de mémoire
Original:
types de pointeurs
Original:
pointer types
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</div> define types holding a memory location
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<div class="t-tr-text"> types de composés
Original:
compound types
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définir des types qui possèdent plusieurs éléments de données (essentiellement la même que la classe')
Original:
types de composés
Original:
compound types
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</div> define types that hold several data members (essentially the same as class)
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<div class="t-tr-text"> types d'énumération
Original:
enumeration types
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définir des types qui sont en mesure de tenir une seule des valeurs spécifiées
Original:
types d'énumération
Original:
enumeration types
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</div> define types that are able to hold only one of the specified values
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<div class="t-tr-text"> types d'union
Original:
union types
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définir des types qui peuvent contenir des données dans plusieurs représentations
Original:
types d'union
Original:
union types
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</div> define types that can hold data in several representations
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<div class="t-tr-text"> types de fonctions
Original:
function types
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définir des signatures d'appel de fonction, c'est à dire les types d'arguments et le type de retour
Original:
types de fonctions
Original:
function types
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</div> define function call signatures, that is the types of arguments and the return type
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<div class="t-tr-text"> decltype spécificateur
Original:
decltype specifier
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définit un type équivalent au type d'une expression (depuis C++11)
Original:
decltype spécificateur
Original:
decltype specifier
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</div> defines a type equivalent to the type of an expression (depuis C++11)
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[modifier] Les prescripteurs

<div class="t-tr-text"> prescripteurs cv
Original:
cv specifiers
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préciser constness et la volatilité des types
Original:
prescripteurs cv
Original:
cv specifiers
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</div> specify constness and volatility of types
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<div class="t-tr-text"> stockage prescripteurs durée
Original:
storage duration specifiers
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spécifier la durée de stockage des types
Original:
stockage prescripteurs durée
Original:
storage duration specifiers
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</div> specify storage duration of types
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<div class="t-tr-text"> constexpr spécificateur
Original:
constexpr specifier
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indique que la valeur d'une variable ou la fonction peut être calculée à (depuis C++11) moment de la compilation
Original:
constexpr spécificateur
Original:
constexpr specifier
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</div> specifies that the value of a variable or function can be computed at compile time (depuis C++11)
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<div class="t-tr-text"> auto spécificateur
Original:
auto specifier
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spécifie que le type réel est défini à partir de l'expression, affecté à la variable de (depuis C++11)
Original:
auto spécificateur
Original:
auto specifier
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</div> specifies that the actual type shall be defined from the expression, assigned to the variable (depuis C++11)
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<div class="t-tr-text"> alignas spécificateur
Original:
alignas specifier
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spécifie que le stockage de la variable doit être aligné par (depuis C++11) quantité spécifique
Original:
alignas spécificateur
Original:
alignas specifier
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</div> specifies that the storage for the variable should be aligned by specific amount (depuis C++11)
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[modifier] Initialisation

Chaque fois qu'une variable nommée est déclarée, et chaque fois qu'un objet temporaire est créé, la valeur initiale du nouvel objet est assurée par l'un des mécanismes suivants:

<div class="t-tr-text">initialisation par défaut
Original:
default initialization
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se produit en l'absence d'initialisation est prévu
Original:
initialisation par défaut
Original:
default initialization
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</div> occurs when no initializer is provided
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<div class="t-tr-text">valeur d'initialisation
Original:
value initialization
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se produit lorsque l'initialisation est un ensemble vide de parenthèses
Original:
valeur d'initialisation
Original:
value initialization
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</div> occurs when the initializer is an empty set of parentheses
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<div class="t-tr-text">zéro d'initialisation
Original:
zero initialization
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initialise tous les bits de l'objet à zéro
Original:
zéro d'initialisation
Original:
zero initialization
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</div> initializes every bit of the object to zero
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<div class="t-tr-text">copier initialisation
Original:
copy initialization
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initialise un objet d'un autre objet
Original:
copier initialisation
Original:
copy initialization
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</div> initializes an object from another object
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<div class="t-tr-text">initialisation directe
Original:
direct initialization
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fournit la valeur initiale ou la liste des arguments du constructeur, entre parenthèses
Original:
initialisation directe
Original:
direct initialization
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</div> provides the initial value or the list of constructor arguments, in parentheses
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<div class="t-tr-text">initialisation d'agrégats
Original:
aggregate initialization
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fournit des valeurs initiales pour chaque membre d'un tableau ou une structure sans un constructeur
Original:
initialisation d'agrégats
Original:
aggregate initialization
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</div> provides initial values to every member of an array or a struct without a constructor
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<div class="t-tr-text">liste d'initialisation
Original:
list initialization
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fournit une liste arbitraire de temps de valeurs, qui peut initialiser un std::vector ou std::map (depuis C++11)
Original:
liste d'initialisation
Original:
list initialization
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</div> provides an arbitrary long list of values, which can initialize a std::vector or std::map (depuis C++11)
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<div class="t-tr-text">initialisation constante
Original:
constant initialization
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initialise tous les objets statiques constants avant toute autre chose
Original:
initialisation constante
Original:
constant initialization
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</div> initializes all constant static objects before anything else
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<div class="t-tr-text">initialisation de référence
Original:
reference initialization
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lie les références aux objets et prolonger la durée de vie des contemporains
Original:
initialisation de référence
Original:
reference initialization
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</div> binds references to objects and extend the lifetimes of the temporaries
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[modifier] Littéraux

Les littéraux sont les jetons d'un programme C + + qui représentent des valeurs constantes, intégrées dans le code source .

<div class="t-tr-text">littéraux entiers
Original:
integer literals
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sont décimal, octal ou hexadécimal de type entier .
Original:
littéraux entiers
Original:
integer literals
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</div> are decimal, octal, or hexadecimal numbers of integer type.
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<div class="t-tr-text">caractères littéraux
Original:
character literals
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sont des caractères individuels de type char, char16_t, char32_t ou wchar_t
Original:
caractères littéraux
Original:
character literals
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</div> are individual characters of type char, char16_t, char32_t, or wchar_t
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<div class="t-tr-text">littéraux à virgule flottante
Original:
floating-point literals
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sont des valeurs de type float, double ou long double
Original:
littéraux à virgule flottante
Original:
floating-point literals
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</div> are values of type float, double, or long double
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<div class="t-tr-text">les chaînes littérales
Original:
string literals
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sont des séquences de caractères, ce qui peut être étroite, multi-octets, ou large
Original:
les chaînes littérales
Original:
string literals
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</div> are sequences of characters, which may be narrow, multibyte, or wide
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<div class="t-tr-text">Les littéraux booléens
Original:
boolean literals
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sont des valeurs de bool type, c'est-true et false
Original:
Les littéraux booléens
Original:
boolean literals
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</div> are values of type bool, that is true and false
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nullptr est le pointeur littéral qui spécifie un pointeur NULL (depuis C++11) valeur
Original:
nullptr is the pointer literal which specifies a null pointer value (depuis C++11)
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<div class="t-tr-text">définie par l'utilisateur littéraux
Original:
user-defined literals
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sont des valeurs constantes de l'utilisateur spécifié (depuis C++11) type
Original:
définie par l'utilisateur littéraux
Original:
user-defined literals
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</div> are constant values of user-specified type (depuis C++11)
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[modifier] Expressions

Une expression est une séquence d'opérateurs et d'opérandes qui spécifient un calcul. Une expression peut se traduire par une valeur et peuvent causer des effets secondaires .

<div class="t-tr-text">catégories de valeurs
Original:
value categories
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(lvalue, rvalue, glvalue, prvalue, xValue) classer les expressions par leurs valeurs
Original:
catégories de valeurs
Original:
value categories
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</div> (lvalue, rvalue, glvalue, prvalue, xvalue) classify expressions by their values
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<div class="t-tr-text">ordre d'évaluation
Original:
order of evaluation
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d'arguments et de sous-expressions de spécifier l'ordre dans lequel les résultats intermédiaires sont obtenus
Original:
ordre d'évaluation
Original:
order of evaluation
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</div> of arguments and subexpressions specify the order in which intermediate results are obtained
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operators permettre l'utilisation de la syntaxe trouve couramment dans les mathématiques
Original:
operators allow the use of syntax commonly found in mathematics
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Common operators
affectation	incrémentation décrémentation	arithmétique	logique	comparaison	accès aux membre	autre
a = b a = rvalue a += b a -= b a *= b a /= b a %= b a &= b a \|= b a ^= b a <<= b a >>= b	++a --a a++ a--	+a -a a + b a - b a * b a / b a % b ~a a & b a \| b a ^ b a << b a >> b	!a a && b a \|\| b	a == b a != b a < b a > b a <= b a >= b	a[b] a &a a->b a.b a->b a.*b	a(...) a, b (type) a ? :
Opérateurs spéciaux
`static_cast` convertit un type à un autre type compatible Original: `static_cast` converts one type to another compatible type The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `dynamic_cast` convertit classe de base virtuelle à class dérivée Original: `dynamic_cast` converts virtual base class to derived class The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `const_cast` convertit un type à l'autre compatible avec cv qualifiers Original: `const_cast` converts type to compatible type with different cv qualifiers The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `reinterpret_cast` convertit type type incompatibles Original: `reinterpret_cast` converts type to incompatible type The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `new` alloue memory Original: `new` allocates memory The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `delete` libère memory Original: `delete` deallocates memory The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `sizeof` interroge la taille d'un type Original: `sizeof` queries the size of a type The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `sizeof...` interroge la taille d'un Paquet de paramètre (depuis C++11) Original: `sizeof...` queries the size of a Paquet de paramètre (depuis C++11) The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `typeid` interroge les informations de type d'une type Original: `typeid` queries the type information of a type The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `noexcept` vérifie si une expression peut jeter une exception (depuis C++11) Original: `noexcept` checks if an expression can throw an exception (depuis C++11) The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions. `alignof` requêtes exigences d'alignement d'un (depuis C++11) type Original: `alignof` queries alignment requirements of a type (depuis C++11) The text has been machine-translated via Google Translate. You can help to correct and verify the translation. Click here for instructions.

<div class="t-tr-text"> la priorité des opérateurs
Original:
operator precedence
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définit l'ordre dans lequel les opérateurs sont liés à leurs arguments
Original:
la priorité des opérateurs
Original:
operator precedence
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</div> defines the order in which operators are bound to their arguments
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<div class="t-tr-text"> représentations alternatives
Original:
alternative representations
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sont des variantes orthographiques pour certains opérateurs
Original:
représentations alternatives
Original:
alternative representations
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</div> are alternative spellings for some operators
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[modifier] Utilitaires

Types;

<div class="t-tr-text"> déclarations typedef
Original:
typedef declarations
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créer des synonymes pour des types
Original:
déclarations typedef
Original:
typedef declarations
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</div> create synonyms for types
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<div class="t-tr-text"> taper déclarations d'alias
Original:
type alias declarations
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créer des synonymes pour des types
Original:
taper déclarations d'alias
Original:
type alias declarations
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</div> create synonyms for types
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<div class="t-tr-text"> attributs
Original:
attributes
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définir des informations supplémentaires à propos de (depuis C++11) variables
Original:
attributs
Original:
attributes
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</div> define additional information about variables (depuis C++11)
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, Lance

<div class="t-tr-text"> conversions standard
Original:
standard conversions
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conversions implicites d'un type à un autre
Original:
conversions standard
Original:
standard conversions
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</div> implicit conversions from one type to another
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<div class="t-tr-text"> const_cast conversion
Original:
const_cast conversion
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</div>
<div class="t-tr-text"> static_cast conversion
Original:
static_cast conversion
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</div>
<div class="t-tr-text"> dynamic_cast conversion
Original:
dynamic_cast conversion
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</div>
<div class="t-tr-text"> reinterpret_cast conversion
Original:
reinterpret_cast conversion
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</div>
<div class="t-tr-text"> conversion explicite
Original:
explicit cast
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conversion en utilisant la notation coulé style C et notation fonctionnelle
Original:
conversion explicite
Original:
explicit cast
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</div> conversion using C-style cast notation and functional notation
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L'allocation de mémoire;

<div class="t-tr-text"> nouvelle expression
Original:
new expression
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alloue de la mémoire dynamique
Original:
nouvelle expression
Original:
new expression
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</div> allocates memory dynamically
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<div class="t-tr-text"> supprimer l'expression
Original:
delete expression
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libère la mémoire dynamiquement
Original:
supprimer l'expression
Original:
delete expression
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</div> deallocates memory dynamically
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[modifier] Classes

Classes fournissent le concept de la programmation orientée objet en C + + .

<div class="t-tr-text"> déclarations de classe
Original:
class declarations
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déclarer des classes
Original:
déclarations de classe
Original:
class declarations
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</div> declare classes
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<div class="t-tr-text"> this pointeur
Original:
this pointer
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liens vers l'instance actuelle d'une classe dans les méthodes de membres
Original:
this pointeur
Original:
this pointer
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</div> links to the current instance of a class in member methods
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<div class="t-tr-text"> accéder à la prescription
Original:
access specifiers
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déterminer la visibilité des membres du groupe
Original:
accéder à la prescription
Original:
access specifiers
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</div> determine visibility of class members
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<div class="t-tr-text"> spécificateur ami
Original:
friend specifier
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accorde des privilèges d'accès à des parties privées / protégées en cas de non-membres des classes ou des fonctions
Original:
spécificateur ami
Original:
friend specifier
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</div> grants access privileges to private/protected parts for non-member classes or functions
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<div class="t-tr-text"> listes initialiseur
Original:
initializer lists
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initialiser les données membres de la classe
Original:
listes initialiseur
Original:
initializer lists
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</div> initialize class member data
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[modifier] Propriétés de la fonction spécifiques à chaque classe

<div class="t-tr-text"> spécificateur fonction virtuelle
Original:
virtual function specifier
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déclare qu'une fonction est virtuelle
Original:
spécificateur fonction virtuelle
Original:
virtual function specifier
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</div> declares that a function is virtual
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<div class="t-tr-text"> remplacer spécificateur
Original:
override specifier
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déclare une fonction virtuelle remplace une autre function. (depuis C++11) virtuel
Original:
remplacer spécificateur
Original:
override specifier
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</div> declares that a virtual function overrides another virtual function. (depuis C++11)
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<div class="t-tr-text"> spécificateur finale
Original:
final specifier
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déclare une fonction virtuelle ne peut pas être substituée dans une class. (depuis C++11) héritage
Original:
spécificateur finale
Original:
final specifier
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</div> declares that a virtual function can not be overridden in a inheriting class. (depuis C++11)
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<div class="t-tr-text"> spécificateur fonction explicite
Original:
explicit function specifier
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déclare un constructeur ou un opérateur de conversion ne peut pas être utilisé dans les conversions implicites (depuis C++11)
Original:
spécificateur fonction explicite
Original:
explicit function specifier
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</div> declares that a constructor or conversion operator can not be used in implicit conversions (depuis C++11)
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<div class="t-tr-text"> spécificateur static function
Original:
static function specifier
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déclare qu'une fonction n'utilise pas les données de classe
Original:
spécificateur static function
Original:
static function specifier
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</div> declares that a function does not use class data
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<div class="t-tr-text">cv fonction de spécificateur
Original:
cv function specifier
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déclare une fonction membre ne peut être utilisé sur des objets cv qualifiés
Original:
cv fonction de spécificateur
Original:
cv function specifier
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</div> declares that a member function can only be used on cv qualified objects
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[modifier] Fonctions membres spéciales

<div class="t-tr-text"> constructeur par défaut
Original:
default constructor
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initialise l'objet avec contenu par défaut
Original:
constructeur par défaut
Original:
default constructor
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</div> initializes the object with default contents
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<div class="t-tr-text"> copier constructeur
Original:
copy constructor
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initialise l'objet avec le contenu d'un autre objet
Original:
copier constructeur
Original:
copy constructor
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</div> initializes the object with the contents of another object
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<div class="t-tr-text"> déplacer constructeur
Original:
move constructor
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initialise l'objet avec le contenu de l'autre, objet temporaire, ce qui minimise les frais généraux (depuis C++11) copie
Original:
déplacer constructeur
Original:
move constructor
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</div> initializes the object with the contents of other, temporary object, minimizing copying overhead (depuis C++11)
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<div class="t-tr-text"> opérateur d'affectation
Original:
assignment operator
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remplace le contenu de l'objet avec le contenu d'un autre objet
Original:
opérateur d'affectation
Original:
assignment operator
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</div> replaces the contents of the object with the contents of another object
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<div class="t-tr-text"> déplacer opérateur d'affectation
Original:
move assignment operator
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remplace le contenu de l'objet avec le contenu de l'autre, l'objet temporaire, ce qui minimise les frais généraux (depuis C++11) copie
Original:
déplacer opérateur d'affectation
Original:
move assignment operator
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</div> replaces the contents of the object with the contents of other, temporary object, minimizing copying overhead (depuis C++11)
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Communiqués <div class="t-tr-text"> destructeur
Original:
destructor
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revendiqué ressources
Original:
destructeur
Original:
destructor
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</div> releases claimed resources
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[modifier] Modèles

Permet de fonctions et de classes pour fonctionner sur des types génériques

<div class="t-tr-text"> déclaration modèle de classe
Original:
class template declaration
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déclare un modèle de classe
Original:
déclaration modèle de classe
Original:
class template declaration
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</div> declares a class template
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<div class="t-tr-text"> déclaration modèle de fonction
Original:
function template declaration
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déclare un modèle de fonction
Original:
déclaration modèle de fonction
Original:
function template declaration
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</div> declares a function template
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<div class="t-tr-text"> spécialisation de template
Original:
template specialization
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définit un modèle existant pour un type particulier
Original:
spécialisation de template
Original:
template specialization
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</div> defines an existing template for a specific type
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<div class="t-tr-text"> paquets de paramètres
Original:
parameter packs
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permet l'utilisation de listes de types de modèles (depuis C++11)
Original:
paquets de paramètres
Original:
parameter packs
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</div> allows the use of lists of types in templates (depuis C++11)
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[modifier] Optimisations

<div class="t-tr-text">La règle que, si
Original:
The as-if rule
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permet une transformation du code qui ne modifie pas la sortie
Original:
La règle que, si
Original:
The as-if rule
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</div> allows any code transformation that doesn't change the output
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<div class="t-tr-text">Copier élision
Original:
Copy elision
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, y compris RVO et NRVO, fait passer par la valeur de l'approche privilégiée dans de nombreuses situations .
Original:
Copier élision
Original:
Copy elision
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</div>, including RVO and NRVO, makes pass-by-value the preferred approach in many situations.
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<div class="t-tr-text">Optimisation de la base vide
Original:
Empty base optimization
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rend l'héritage multiple des interfaces ou des classes politiques au-dessus-libres et est nécessaire pour la norme-layout types .
Original:
Optimisation de la base vide
Original:
Empty base optimization
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</div> makes multiple inheritance from interfaces or policy classes overhead-free and is required for standard-layout types.
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[modifier] Divers

<div class="t-tr-text">Assembleur inline
Original:
Inline assembly
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permet l'utilisation de code assembleur à côté de code C + +
Original:
Assembleur inline
Original:
Inline assembly
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</div> allows the use of assembly code alongside C++ code
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Langage
Concepts
Bibliothèque d'utilitaires
Bibliothèque pour les chaînes de caractères
Bibliothèque de conteneurs
Bibliothèque d'algorithmes
Bibliothèque d'itérateurs
Bibliothèque pour le calcul numérique
Bibliothèque pour les entrées/sorties
Bibliothèque pour la régionalisation
Bibliothèque pour les expressions régulières (C++11)
Bibliothèque pour les opérations atomiques (C++11)
Bibliothèque pour les processus légers (threads) (C++11)

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